INFLUENCE OF POLYMER CHARACTERISTICS AND MELT-SPINNING CONDITIONS ON THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH RANDOMNESS 60PHB/PET THERMOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTAL COPOLYESTER FIBER

Six samples of linear high randomness 60PHB/ PET thermotropic liquid crystal copolyesters are made by melt copolymerization at 290℃ , whose randomness about 0.955 is measured by the discernible 'H-NMR spectrometer. High tenacity, high module fiber is prepared by melt spinning in liquid crystal phase. The effect of molecular weight, shear rate, temperature as well as spinning drawn ratio on the mechanical behavior of 60PHB / PET copolyester fiber are shown that, lower shear rate (2~ 10 s~(-1)), higher temperature melting (300℃ ), lower temperature spinning (280℃ ) and higher molecular weight are favourable to the increase of the fiber mechanical properties. With the variance of drawn ratio, fiber mechanical property has a transition point due to traversion from shear-orientation to drawn-orientation. The copolyester fiber has high crystallinity, high orientation at the crystalline region, high chain orientation and high regular fibrillar structure.     

不同分散剂对纳米羟基磷灰石粒子团聚的影响

为了解决纳米羟基磷灰石团聚的问题，在纳米羟基磷灰石制备过程中，加入适量的乙醇、铈盐和聚乙二醇作为表面分散荆，研究其分散作用。试验结果表明：乙醇具有脱水作用，减少毛细管收缩作用，具有一定的分散作用，且不改变HA六方晶体形貌；铈盐的加入，使六方晶体结构进一步分化，粒子尺寸变小，有细化纳米HA晶粒的作用及分散作用，同时，在分散过程中，参与反应，形成Ce5（PO4）3（OH）；聚乙二醇对纳米羟基磷灰石形貌影响不大，但在表面形成簿膜，隔阻纳米粒子间的接触，具有减少硬团聚的作用。     

聚乙二醇对碳酸钙结晶的影响

在聚乙二醇（ＰＥＯ）存在下,ＣａＣｌ２和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３反应得多晶形碳酸钙沉淀,Ｘ－衍射显示主要为文石型结构,并随着ＰＥＯ／Ｃａ摩尔比的增大,晶体颗粒变小。结果表明,聚合物对碳酸钙晶核的形成和晶体的生长有很大影响。本文还对其形成机理进行了初步探讨。     

固体非酸催化合成硬脂酸乙二醇酯

在固体非酸催化剂作用下,使硬脂酸和乙二醇反应制取硬脂酸乙二醇酯。考察了反应原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对酯化的影响。在酸酶摩尔比为1：1．1,催化剂用量为1％的条件下,硬脂酸乙二醇酯的产率较高。     

退火条件对LDPE空间电荷特性的影响研究

使用冷却速率不同的3种退火方法制备了不同微观形态的LDPE薄膜,对薄膜试品进行了显微观测,并运用傅立叶红外分析对3种试品的结晶度进行了比较,同时使用PEA空间电荷测量技术对不同电场下这3种试品的空间电荷分布进行了观测,并基于结晶度和微观形态对LDPE空间电荷特性做了讨论.研究结果表明施加电场撤压后,高速冷却试品比低速冷却试品和正常冷却试品积聚更多的空间电荷,而随着撤压时间的增加,低速冷却试品中积聚的空间电荷衰减得最快.     

纳米SiO2对UHMWPE溶液流变性质及其结晶性能的影响

将纳米SiO2经偶联剂处理后，采用溶液共混法制成UHMWPE／纳米SiO2溶液。研究了表面处理后纳米SiO2在UHMWPE中的分散性能和纳米粒子及抗氧剂的添加对溶液粘度及结晶性能的影响。结果表明：表面处理后纳米SiO2在UHMWPE溶液中可达到纳米级均匀分散；溶液粘度及粘流活化能随纳米粒子加入量的增加而增大；抗氧荆和纳米粒子的添加对PE的结晶形态都没有影响；抗氧剂的加入使UHMWPE的结晶度变大，晶粒尺寸变小，而纳米SiO2粒子的加入使UHMWPE的结晶度变小，晶粒尺寸变大。     

修饰聚合物液-固亲和体系萃取测定试样中的铜

用亚胺基二乙酸(IDA)修饰聚乙二醇(PEG)8000与吐温80,构建了修饰聚合物-盐-水液-固亲和萃取体系,用于萃取发样、中草药、水样中的铜.在吐温80体积分数5%,(NH4)2SO4浓度1.66 mol/L,PEG-(IDA)2质量浓度0.1%,pH 3.30的萃取条件下 ,Cu(Ⅱ)的萃取率>96.46% .连续变换法测定Cu(Ⅱ)和PEG-(IDA)2的摩尔比是2∶1,由螯合物离解度计算配合物的表观稳定常数lgK= 5.53.该体系的萃取机理是:Cu(Ⅱ)与PEG-(IDA)2形成电中性的螯合物,与非离子型表面活性剂吐温80的羟基实现氢键作用而被萃取.     

差热分析法测定多元醇的比热

利用差示扫描量热计测定了乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇和叔丁醇在不同温度范围内的比热，为了验证仪器的准确性，实验测定二次蒸馏水在20-80℃的比热，并与文献值进行了对比，测定水时仪器测量误差在2％以内，并且把测得的各种醇的比热与文献值进行了对比，比热测量值的精度完全能满足工程计算的要求，同时回归了它们的Cp随温度的变化关系，可供工程计算中参考。     

Structural Changes of Polyethylene Terephthalate Fibers Grafted by Acrylamide

A group of grafted PET fibers with different graft yield are formed by grafting acrylamide onto the PET main chains. The structure of grafted fibers are studied by scanning electronic microscope ( SEM ), infra-red spectrophotometer ( IR ), and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). At the same time, the moisture regain, dyeability, strength, and elongation at break of the samples are measured and their relations with structural changes are discussed. Compared with ungrafted fiber, shape of the fiber cross-section, IR characteristic absorption peaks, and melting behavior of the grafted fibers have been changed, causing the fiber dyeability and moisture regain to be increased, and mechanical properties to be changed.